Ten of the laws which God gave to Moses on Horeb were written upon two tablets of stone. These are recorded twice in the Bible: Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5.

The first four commandments concern respect for God, and the last six respect for society.

Most of the ten commandments are drawn from a basic or common morality that has always existed, both before the ten commandments were given, and since the ten commandments were abolished. This basic morality, which originated with God, is expressed to some extent in most systems of law, including Australian law. We would all be very surprised indeed if it were lacking in the law of Moses, not to mention the law of Christ.

It is important, however, not to confuse this common morality with the ten commandments themselves. They are not the basic morality itself, they are not even the basis of the law of Moses, and they are certainly not the basis of Christianity (as so many people mistakenly think). These three "nots" are developed in this lesson to help us avoid the confusion.

The Main Point

The ten commandments, whilst they are an important part of the Bible, are not by any means the basic law of God as many people consider them to be. We certainly do not live by the ten commandments today, for under them we would be condemned! Paul called the ten commandments "the ministry of death" (2Co 3:7) so they obviously are not the basis of Christianity.

The Ten Commandments

 1~I am the Lord your God
   you shall have no other gods
 2~You shall not make
   or worship an idol
 3~You shall not take in vain
   the name of the Lord your God
 4~Observe the Sabbath day
   to keep it holy
 5~Honour your father
   and your mother
 6~You shall not murder
 7~You shall not commit adultery
 8~You shall not steal
 9~You shall not bear false witness
   against your neighbour
10~You shall not covet your
   neighbour’s wife or possessions

What the 10 Commandments are to Christians

A ministry of condemnation instead of salvation

In 2 Co 3:7-18 Paul speaks of the law that was "engraved on tablets of stone" at the time when Moses’s face shone. So we know that he refers to the ten commandments in particular. Note Paul’s descriptions of these ten commandments:

Something we are not obeying

We all break the 4th commandment to keep the seventh day. Notice that we cannot adjust this law to our liking by rewording it as "one day in seven". The law as God gave it clearly says "the seventh" day (Exo 35:1-3; Jas 2:10).

Either

You and I need to think about each of those options carefully, and in our minds' eye tick one, the right one.

Something replaced by a new and better law

The ten commandments would be "decrees against us" if Christ had not abolished them and replaced them with "the law of Christ" (Col 2:14; Heb 8:6-7; Gal 6:2).

What the Ten Commandments are Not

They are not the basic morality

The ten commandments draw from, and express, several elements from a common or basic morality that was revealed by God to all the world from creation (Rom 1:18-21-32). The ten commandments, however, are not this basic morality, and that is obvious from what they omit. For example sorcery (Exo 22:18), oppressing the poor (Exo 22:21-27), and drunkenness (Gal 5:19-21), are not even hinted at in the ten commandments.

They are not the basis of the Law of Moses

Jesus said the law of Moses was based on two commandments (Mtt 22:34-40)...

The first four of the ten commandments are based on love for God, a commandment found elsewhere in the law of Moses (Deu 6:5). Likewise, the last six of the ten commandments are based on love for neighbour, another commandment found elsewhere in the law (Lev 19:18). So the rest of the Law is not based on the ten commandments, rather the ten commandments are based on other parts of the law.

They are not the basis of Christianity

The basis of Christianity is faith in Christ the Son of God, and a reliance upon his death and blood as a sacrifice for our sins, together with his resurrection and ascension to God’s right hand that he might intercede for us (Gal 3:10-14; Rom 8:34). The New Testament is at pains to explain that the ten commandments were abolished at Christ’s death (Col 2:14; 2Co 3:7-11).

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